Sunburn happens when your skin is damaged from too much sun exposure. The sun gives off ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Too much of it may harm your skin.
Sunburn can happen in as little as 10 minutes.
Sunlight contains ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Too much UV radiation causes sunburn.
UV levels are the strongest when the sun is high in the sky. Thin clouds, snow, water and light sand can also increase your UV exposure. You can also be exposed to UV radiation from a solarium (tanning bed).
How quickly you burn depends on your skin type. Very fair skin can burn in just 10 minutes, while darker skin may take much longer.
You should see your doctor if your sunburn is severe. See your doctor if you notice:
Also talk to your doctor if you develop long-term changes after severe sunburn, such as:
Seek urgent care if you or your baby show signs of heatstroke. Signs may include:
Your doctor will examine your skin to diagnose sunburn.
There is no treatment that can undo the skin damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) rays. That's why it's important to prevent sunburn.
If you have sunburn, there are steps you can take to relieve your symptoms:
If a large area of skin is blistered, hospital care may be needed.
Talk to your pharmacist or doctor if you have questions about pain relief medicines.
If you have sunburn, you may develop complications such as dehydration or a skin infection.
Sunburn can also lead to complications that appear much later in life, such as:
You can prevent sunburn by limiting how much UV radiation reaches your skin.
Use sun protection — especially when the UV index is 3 or higher. Plan your day to reduce your risk of sunburn.
When you are in the sun, the best way to prevent sunburn is to 'slip, slop, slap, seek and slide'.
More information on sun protection.
To protect against sunburn, you should apply a sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 30+ or higher. If you or your child are prone to sunburn, use a higher SPF.
Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen. This protects you against different forms of UV rays. Make sure the sunscreen is water-resistant.
Use sunscreen in the morning as part of your daily routine. Make sure to reapply often. You can still get sunburn if you do not use enough sunscreen or forget to reapply.
Sunscreen should be applied to your:
Babies and children have more delicate skin than adults and can burn more easily. Use a sunscreen for children that is made for their sensitive skin.
Sunscreen is not recommended for babies under 6 months. To prevent sunburn:
Read more about sun and heat protection for babies and kids (Opens in new tab).
For most people, using sensible sun protection does not cause vitamin D deficiency.
How much vitamin D you make from the sun depends on your skin type, the season and how much skin is uncovered.
People with darker skin (deep brown to black) need more time in the sun to make enough vitamin D. Even in summer, they may need longer exposure with more skin uncovered.
In Australia, most people get enough vitamin D in summer by going about their usual activities. In winter, it may be harder to get enough vitamin D from the sun.
You can check the UV levels (the 'UV Index') at the:
You can also call the healthdirect helpline on 1800 022 222 (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available to speak with you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
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Last reviewed: September 2025
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